security-requirement-extraction

security-requirement-extraction

Security Requirement Extraction

Transform threat analysis into actionable security requirements.

When to Use This Skill

• Converting threat models to requirements

• Writing security user stories

• Creating security test cases

• Building security acceptance criteria

• Compliance requirement mapping

• Security architecture documentation

Core Concepts

1. Requirement Categories

Business Requirements → Security Requirements → Technical Controls
         ↓                       ↓                      ↓
  "Protect customer    "Encrypt PII at rest"   "AES-256 encryption
   data"                                        with KMS key rotation"

2. Security Requirement Types

Type Focus Example

Functional What system must do "System must authenticate users"

Non-functional How system must perform "Authentication must complete in <2s"

Constraint Limitations imposed "Must use approved crypto libraries"

3. Requirement Attributes

Attribute Description

Traceability Links to threats/compliance

Testability Can be verified

Priority Business importance

Risk Level Impact if not met

Templates

Template 1: Security Requirement Model

from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Set
from datetime import datetime

class RequirementType(Enum):
    FUNCTIONAL = "functional"
    NON_FUNCTIONAL = "non_functional"
    CONSTRAINT = "constraint"

class Priority(Enum):
    CRITICAL = 1
    HIGH = 2
    MEDIUM = 3
    LOW = 4

class SecurityDomain(Enum):
    AUTHENTICATION = "authentication"
    AUTHORIZATION = "authorization"
    DATA_PROTECTION = "data_protection"
    AUDIT_LOGGING = "audit_logging"
    INPUT_VALIDATION = "input_validation"
    ERROR_HANDLING = "error_handling"
    SESSION_MANAGEMENT = "session_management"
    CRYPTOGRAPHY = "cryptography"
    NETWORK_SECURITY = "network_security"
    AVAILABILITY = "availability"

class ComplianceFramework(Enum):
    PCI_DSS = "pci_dss"
    HIPAA = "hipaa"
    GDPR = "gdpr"
    SOC2 = "soc2"
    NIST_CSF = "nist_csf"
    ISO_27001 = "iso_27001"
    OWASP = "owasp"

@dataclass
class SecurityRequirement:
    id: str
    title: str
    description: str
    req_type: RequirementType
    domain: SecurityDomain
    priority: Priority
    rationale: str = ""
    acceptance_criteria: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    test_cases: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    threat_refs: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    compliance_refs: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    dependencies: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    status: str = "draft"
    owner: str = ""
    created_date: datetime = field(default_factory=datetime.now)

    def to_user_story(self) -> str:
        """Convert to user story format."""
        return f"""
**{self.id}: {self.title}**

As a security-conscious system,
I need to {self.description.lower()},
So that {self.rationale.lower()}.

**Acceptance Criteria:**
{chr(10).join(f'- [ ] {ac}' for ac in self.acceptance_criteria)}

**Priority:** {self.priority.name}
**Domain:** {self.domain.value}
**Threat References:** {', '.join(self.threat_refs)}
"""

    def to_test_spec(self) -> str:
        """Convert to test specification."""
        return f"""
## Test Specification: {self.id}

### Requirement
{self.description}

### Test Cases
{chr(10).join(f'{i+1}. {tc}' for i, tc in enumerate(self.test_cases))}

### Acceptance Criteria Verification
{chr(10).join(f'- {ac}' for ac in self.acceptance_criteria)}
"""

@dataclass
class RequirementSet:
    name: str
    version: str
    requirements: List[SecurityRequirement] = field(default_factory=list)

    def add(self, req: SecurityRequirement) -> None:
        self.requirements.append(req)

    def get_by_domain(self, domain: SecurityDomain) -> List[SecurityRequirement]:
        return [r for r in self.requirements if r.domain == domain]

    def get_by_priority(self, priority: Priority) -> List[SecurityRequirement]:
        return [r for r in self.requirements if r.priority == priority]

    def get_by_threat(self, threat_id: str) -> List[SecurityRequirement]:
        return [r for r in self.requirements if threat_id in r.threat_refs]

    def get_critical_requirements(self) -> List[SecurityRequirement]:
        return [r for r in self.requirements if r.priority == Priority.CRITICAL]

    def export_markdown(self) -> str:
        """Export all requirements as markdown."""
        lines = [f"# Security Requirements: {self.name}\n"]
        lines.append(f"Version: {self.version}\n")

        for domain in SecurityDomain:
            domain_reqs = self.get_by_domain(domain)
            if domain_reqs:
                lines.append(f"\n## {domain.value.replace('_', ' ').title()}\n")
                for req in domain_reqs:
                    lines.append(req.to_user_story())

        return "\n".join(lines)

    def traceability_matrix(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
        """Generate threat-to-requirement traceability."""
        matrix = {}
        for req in self.requirements:
            for threat_id in req.threat_refs:
                if threat_id not in matrix:
                    matrix[threat_id] = []
                matrix[threat_id].append(req.id)
        return matrix

Template 2: Threat-to-Requirement Extractor

from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import List, Dict, Tuple

@dataclass
class ThreatInput:
    id: str
    category: str  # STRIDE category
    title: str
    description: str
    target: str
    impact: str
    likelihood: str

class RequirementExtractor:
    """Extract security requirements from threats."""

    # Mapping of STRIDE categories to security domains and requirement patterns
    STRIDE_MAPPINGS = {
        "SPOOFING": {
            "domains": [SecurityDomain.AUTHENTICATION, SecurityDomain.SESSION_MANAGEMENT],
            "patterns": [
                ("Implement strong authentication for {target}",
                 "Ensure {target} authenticates all users before granting access"),
                ("Validate identity tokens for {target}",
                 "All authentication tokens must be cryptographically verified"),
                ("Implement session management for {target}",
                 "Sessions must be securely managed with proper expiration"),
            ]
        },
        "TAMPERING": {
            "domains": [SecurityDomain.INPUT_VALIDATION, SecurityDomain.DATA_PROTECTION],
            "patterns": [
                ("Validate all input to {target}",
                 "All input must be validated against expected formats"),
                ("Implement integrity checks for {target}",
                 "Data integrity must be verified using cryptographic signatures"),
                ("Protect {target} from modification",
                 "Implement controls to prevent unauthorized data modification"),
            ]
        },
        "REPUDIATION": {
            "domains": [SecurityDomain.AUDIT_LOGGING],
            "patterns": [
                ("Log all security events for {target}",
                 "Security-relevant events must be logged for audit purposes"),
                ("Implement non-repudiation for {target}",
                 "Critical actions must have cryptographic proof of origin"),
                ("Protect audit logs for {target}",
                 "Audit logs must be tamper-evident and protected"),
            ]
        },
        "INFORMATION_DISCLOSURE": {
            "domains": [SecurityDomain.DATA_PROTECTION, SecurityDomain.CRYPTOGRAPHY],
            "patterns": [
                ("Encrypt sensitive data in {target}",
                 "Sensitive data must be encrypted at rest and in transit"),
                ("Implement access controls for {target}",
                 "Data access must be restricted based on need-to-know"),
                ("Prevent information leakage from {target}",
                 "Error messages and logs must not expose sensitive information"),
            ]
        },
        "DENIAL_OF_SERVICE": {
            "domains": [SecurityDomain.AVAILABILITY, SecurityDomain.INPUT_VALIDATION],
            "patterns": [
                ("Implement rate limiting for {target}",
                 "Requests must be rate-limited to prevent resource exhaustion"),
                ("Ensure availability of {target}",
                 "System must remain available under high load conditions"),
                ("Implement resource quotas for {target}",
                 "Resource consumption must be bounded and monitored"),
            ]
        },
        "ELEVATION_OF_PRIVILEGE": {
            "domains": [SecurityDomain.AUTHORIZATION],
            "patterns": [
                ("Enforce authorization for {target}",
                 "All actions must be authorized based on user permissions"),
                ("Implement least privilege for {target}",
                 "Users must only have minimum necessary permissions"),
                ("Validate permissions for {target}",
                 "Permission checks must be performed server-side"),
            ]
        },
    }

    def extract_requirements(
        self,
        threats: List[ThreatInput],
        project_name: str
    ) -> RequirementSet:
        """Extract security requirements from threats."""
        req_set = RequirementSet(
            name=f"{project_name} Security Requirements",
            version="1.0"
        )

        req_counter = 1
        for threat in threats:
            reqs = self._threat_to_requirements(threat, req_counter)
            for req in reqs:
                req_set.add(req)
            req_counter += len(reqs)

        return req_set

    def _threat_to_requirements(
        self,
        threat: ThreatInput,
        start_id: int
    ) -> List[SecurityRequirement]:
        """Convert a single threat to requirements."""
        requirements = []
        mapping = self.STRIDE_MAPPINGS.get(threat.category, {})
        domains = mapping.get("domains", [])
        patterns = mapping.get("patterns", [])

        priority = self._calculate_priority(threat.impact, threat.likelihood)

        for i, (title_pattern, desc_pattern) in enumerate(patterns):
            req = SecurityRequirement(
                id=f"SR-{start_id + i:03d}",
                title=title_pattern.format(target=threat.target),
                description=desc_pattern.format(target=threat.target),
                req_type=RequirementType.FUNCTIONAL,
                domain=domains[i % len(domains)] if domains else SecurityDomain.DATA_PROTECTION,
                priority=priority,
                rationale=f"Mitigates threat: {threat.title}",
                threat_refs=[threat.id],
                acceptance_criteria=self._generate_acceptance_criteria(
                    threat.category, threat.target
                ),
                test_cases=self._generate_test_cases(
                    threat.category, threat.target
                )
            )
            requirements.append(req)

        return requirements

    def _calculate_priority(self, impact: str, likelihood: str) -> Priority:
        """Calculate requirement priority from threat attributes."""
        score_map = {"LOW": 1, "MEDIUM": 2, "HIGH": 3, "CRITICAL": 4}
        impact_score = score_map.get(impact.upper(), 2)
        likelihood_score = score_map.get(likelihood.upper(), 2)

        combined = impact_score * likelihood_score

        if combined >= 12:
            return Priority.CRITICAL
        elif combined >= 6:
            return Priority.HIGH
        elif combined >= 3:
            return Priority.MEDIUM
        return Priority.LOW

    def _generate_acceptance_criteria(
        self,
        category: str,
        target: str
    ) -> List[str]:
        """Generate acceptance criteria for requirement."""
        criteria_templates = {
            "SPOOFING": [
                f"Users must authenticate before accessing {target}",
                "Authentication failures are logged and monitored",
                "Multi-factor authentication is available for sensitive operations",
            ],
            "TAMPERING": [
                f"All input to {target} is validated",
                "Data integrity is verified before processing",
                "Modification attempts trigger alerts",
            ],
            "REPUDIATION": [
                f"All actions on {target} are logged with user identity",
                "Logs cannot be modified by regular users",
                "Log retention meets compliance requirements",
            ],
            "INFORMATION_DISCLOSURE": [
                f"Sensitive data in {target} is encrypted",
                "Access to sensitive data is logged",
                "Error messages do not reveal sensitive information",
            ],
            "DENIAL_OF_SERVICE": [
                f"Rate limiting is enforced on {target}",
                "System degrades gracefully under load",
                "Resource exhaustion triggers alerts",
            ],
            "ELEVATION_OF_PRIVILEGE": [
                f"Authorization is checked for all {target} operations",
                "Users cannot access resources beyond their permissions",
                "Privilege changes are logged and monitored",
            ],
        }
        return criteria_templates.get(category, [])

    def _generate_test_cases(
        self,
        category: str,
        target: str
    ) -> List[str]:
        """Generate test cases for requirement."""
        test_templates = {
            "SPOOFING": [
                f"Test: Unauthenticated access to {target} is denied",
                "Test: Invalid credentials are rejected",
                "Test: Session tokens cannot be forged",
            ],
            "TAMPERING": [
                f"Test: Invalid input to {target} is rejected",
                "Test: Tampered data is detected and rejected",
                "Test: SQL injection attempts are blocked",
            ],
            "REPUDIATION": [
                "Test: Security events are logged",
                "Test: Logs include sufficient detail for forensics",
                "Test: Log integrity is protected",
            ],
            "INFORMATION_DISCLOSURE": [
                f"Test: {target} data is encrypted in transit",
                f"Test: {target} data is encrypted at rest",
                "Test: Error messages are sanitized",
            ],
            "DENIAL_OF_SERVICE": [
                f"Test: Rate limiting on {target} works correctly",
                "Test: System handles burst traffic gracefully",
                "Test: Resource limits are enforced",
            ],
            "ELEVATION_OF_PRIVILEGE": [
                f"Test: Unauthorized access to {target} is denied",
                "Test: Privilege escalation attempts are blocked",
             

...